Health & Medicine

1. Severe COVID or flu may raise lung cancer risk years later

   A severe case of COVID-19 or influenza could increase the risk of lung cancer later on, according to new research. Scientists discovered that serious viral infections can alter immune cells in the lungs, leaving behind chronic inflammation that may help tumors develop months or years later. The increased risk was seen mainly after severe infections that required hospitalization. Vaccination, however, appears to prevent the dangerous lung changes.

2. Study finds two types of colon polyps can raise bowel cancer risk fivefold

   Researchers studying over 8,400 colonoscopies discovered that having both adenomas and serrated polyps in the bowel can raise the risk of serious precancerous changes by up to five times. These two polyp types may represent separate cancer pathways that can occur at the same time. Nearly half of patients with serrated polyps also had adenomas, making this high-risk combination more common than expected. The results emphasize the importance of early detection and regular colonoscopy monitoring.

3. Monty Python Got It Wrong About Medieval Disease

   In medieval Denmark, people could pay for more prestigious graves closer to the church — a sign of wealth and status. But when researchers examined hundreds of skeletons, they discovered something unexpected: even people with stigmatized diseases like leprosy were buried in these high-status spots. Instead of excluding the sick, many communities appear to have treated them much like everyone else.

4. Depression may start with an energy problem in brain cells

   Researchers have discovered a surprising change in how cells produce energy in people with depression. Brain and blood cells in young adults with major depressive disorder produced more energy molecules at rest but had trouble increasing energy production when needed. Scientists believe this imbalance may contribute to symptoms such as fatigue and low motivation. The finding could help pave the way for earlier diagnosis and more personalized treatments.

5. A surprising blood protein pattern may reveal Alzheimer’s

   A new study suggests Alzheimer’s disease may be detectable through subtle shape changes in proteins found in the blood. Researchers discovered that structural differences in three blood proteins closely track the progression of the disease. By analyzing these changes in more than 500 people, the team was able to distinguish healthy individuals from those with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer’s with impressive accuracy. The approach could help move diagnosis and treatment to earlier stages.

6. A “mirror” molecule can starve cancer cells without harming healthy cells

   Scientists have discovered that a rare “mirror-image” version of the amino acid cysteine can dramatically slow the growth of certain cancers while leaving healthy cells largely untouched. Unlike most anticancer treatments that harm normal tissues, this molecule—called D-cysteine—is taken up mainly by some cancer cells through a specific transporter on their surface. Once inside, it shuts down a crucial mitochondrial enzyme that cancer cells rely on to produce energy and maintain DNA, effectively halting their growth.

7. Scientists solve the mystery of a vitamin B5 molecule that powers your cells

   Coenzyme A, a molecule derived from vitamin B5, is vital for metabolism throughout the body. Scientists discovered that most of it resides inside mitochondria, yet how it reached these cellular powerhouses was unclear. Yale researchers have now identified the transport system that moves CoA into mitochondria, solving a long-standing biological puzzle. The discovery could help researchers better understand diseases linked to metabolic dysfunction and mitochondrial problems.

8. New "super antibiotic" stops deadly gut infection without destroying the microbiome

   A newly developed antibiotic called EVG7 could offer a powerful new way to stop Clostridioides difficile, a dangerous gut bacterium that often returns after treatment. In mouse studies, researchers found that even a very small dose of EVG7 was highly effective at clearing the infection and preventing it from coming back. Unlike many current antibiotics, which wipe out large portions of the gut microbiome, EVG7 appears to spare beneficial bacteria that naturally help keep C. difficile in check.

9. Scientists may have found a pill for sleep apnea

   A European clinical trial found that the drug sulthiame significantly reduced breathing interruptions in people with moderate to severe sleep apnea. Patients taking higher doses experienced up to 47% fewer pauses in breathing and improved oxygen levels during sleep. The drug helps stabilize breathing signals in the brain, reducing airway collapse. Scientists say the findings could pave the way for a pill-based alternative to CPAP machines.

10. Teens sleep longer and perform better when school starts later

    Teenagers naturally fall asleep later, which makes early school start times a recipe for chronic sleep deprivation. Researchers studying a Swiss high school that introduced flexible start times found that students overwhelmingly chose to begin later—and ended up sleeping about 45 minutes longer each school night. The extra rest led to fewer sleep problems, better well-being, and improved academic performance.

11. Scientists turn brain cells into Alzheimer’s plaque cleaners

    Scientists have developed a promising new approach to treating Alzheimer’s disease by turning ordinary brain cells into powerful plaque-clearing machines. Instead of requiring frequent antibody infusions like current therapies, the experimental treatment uses genetically engineered astrocytes — abundant support cells in the brain — that are equipped with a CAR “homing device” similar to those used in cancer immunotherapy.

12. Cannabis study finds THC can create false memories

    THC doesn’t just blur memories—it can create new ones that never happened. In a controlled experiment, cannabis users were much more likely to recall words that were never shown and struggled with tasks like remembering to do something later. Researchers found that THC disrupted many different memory systems at once. Surprisingly, moderate doses caused memory problems similar to higher doses.

13. Stanford scientists say colorblindness may hide a deadly bladder cancer warning

    Colorblindness may be doing more than making traffic lights confusing — it could also be hiding a life-threatening warning sign. Researchers analyzing millions of medical records found that people with bladder cancer who are also colorblind have a 52% higher mortality rate over 20 years compared to those with normal vision. The likely reason: many people with color vision deficiency struggle to see red, making it harder to notice blood in urine, the most common early sign of bladder cancer.

14. Researchers find alarming Alzheimer’s pattern in rural America

    A new analysis of more than 422,000 patients reveals a stark Alzheimer’s care gap between Maryland’s urban and rural communities. Rural regions often lack hospitals and dementia specialists, forcing older patients to travel farther for diagnosis and treatment. Researchers found areas with high Alzheimer’s death rates but surprisingly low diagnosis rates, suggesting many cases may never be identified.

15. AI finally tests a century old theory about how cancer begins

    Cancer often begins when the genetic instructions that guide our cells become scrambled, allowing cells to grow uncontrollably. Now, scientists at EMBL have developed an AI-powered system called MAGIC that can automatically spot and tag cells showing early signs of chromosomal trouble—tiny DNA-filled structures known as micronuclei that are linked to future cancer development.